Genome-Wide Transcriptional Regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Response to Carbon Dioxide

Tan, L., Liu, J.J., Deewan, A., Lee, J.W., Xia, P.F., Rao, C.V., Jin, Y.S., Wang, S.G. Oct. 25, 2021. Data from: “Genome-wide transcriptional regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to carbon dioxide.” NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA774407/.

Sugar metabolism by Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces ample amounts of CO2 under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. High solubility of CO₂ in fermentation media, contributing to enjoyable sensory properties of sparkling wine and beers by S. cerevisiae, might affect yeast metabolism. To elucidate the overlooked effects of CO₂ on yeast metabolism, we examined glucose fermentation by S. cerevisiae under CO₂ as compared to N₂ and O₂ limited conditions. While both CO₂ and N₂ conditions are considered anaerobic, less glycerol and acetate but more ethanol were produced under CO₂ condition. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that significantly decreased mRNA levels of GPP1 coding for glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase in glycerol synthesis explained the reduced glycerol production under CO₂ condition. Besides, transcriptional regulations in signal transduction, carbohydrate synthesis, heme synthesis, membrane and cell wall metabolism, and respiration were detected in response to CO₂. Interestingly, signal transduction was uniquely regulated under CO₂ condition, where upregulated genes (STE3, MSB2, WSC3, STE12, and TEC1) in the signal sensors and transcriptional factors suggested that MAPK signaling pathway plays a critical role in CO₂ sensing and CO₂-induced metabolisms in yeast. Our study identifies CO₂ as an external stimulus for modulating metabolic activities in yeast and a transcriptional effector for diverse applications.

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